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lesson19.txt

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	Hanzi		Pronunciation		Meaning		Radical
	褒		bāo		The state of Bao.		145 (衣)
	姒		sì Si		[A surname]. Notes: Hence, the name of the main character is actually “Si of Bao.”		38 (女)
	童		tóng		Child, prepubescent child, virgin.		117 (立)
	周		zhōu		Zhou Dynasty (traditionally accepted dates 1122-255 B.C.E).		30 (口)
	幽		yōu		Hidden, mysterious; supernatural.		52 (么, “small”)
	幽王		yōu wáng		King You of the Zhou. (r. 781-770 B.C.).
	后		hòu		*1. Empress, principal consort. *2. House, clan, ruler. Notes: The second group of meanings (house, clan, ruler) is rarer and more archaic, and occurs in line 2 (夏后).		30 (口)
	夏		xià		1. The Xia dynasty [name of a largely legendary dynasty, early 2nd millennium B.C.E.]. 2. Summer.		35 (夊)
	神		shén		Spirit, god, divinity.		113 (示)
	化		huà		*1. To transform, to change. 2. To transform morally and ethically; to teach. Notes: Meaning #1 is often used of supernatural transformations. Meaning #2 occurs often in Confucian political rhetoric, and often refers to the power of the ruler to transform his people for the better.		21 (匕)
	龍		lóng		Dragon.		212 (龍)
	庭		tíng		*1. Court [of a ruler]. 2. Courtyard, garden. Notes: The more “proper” character for meaning #1 is 廷.		53 (广)
	余		yú		I, me, my, we, us, our [first person pronoun]. Notes: This is a fairly common pronoun, though it only occurs in this lesson in our texts.		9 (人)
	卜		bŭ		To divine, to tell fortune; divination, prophecy; diviner.		25 (卜)
	吉		jí		Auspicious, lucky. Notes: This is one of the standard answers to a divination, the other being “unlucky,” “inauspicious” (凶, 861).		30 (口)
	漦		lí		Saliva, spittle.		85 (水)
	藏		cáng		To hide, to conceal, to store, to save [goods or treasure].		140 (艸)
	幣		bì		Sacrificial offerings; gifts, presents, money.		50 (巾 )
	忽		hū		Suddenly, abruptly.		61 (心)
	櫝		dú		Cabinet, closet.		75 (木)
	郊		jiāo		Ceremony for offering sacrifices to heaven and earth; altar or temple for such sacrifices. Notes: Because the altar was located outside of the city walls (城), this character eventually was used to describe the suburban areas of a city.		163 (邑, 阝)
	厲王		lì wáng		King Li of the Zhou (r. 878-827 B.C.).
	末		mò		End, tip, latter part, unimportant part, end. Notes: Often used as opposite to 本 (root, basics; 74). Do not confuse with 未 (302); the two cross-lines have different lengths in relation to each other.		75 (木)
	婦		fù		Woman, wife. Notes: Compare to 妻 (192), which can only refer to a wife. Here, 婦人 is a general term for “women.”		38 (女)
	裸		luŏ		Bare, nude, naked; to strip clothes off.		145 (衣)
	譟		zào		To make a racket, to abuse, to curse.		149 (言)
	玄		xuán		Black, dark; mysterious.		95 (玄)
	蚖		yuán		Lizard.		142 (虫, “insect-like or reptilian animal”)
	後宮		hòu gōng		Rear palace [women’s quarters].
	齔		chèn		To have one’s adult teeth come in; to lose one’s baby teeth.		211 (齒, “teeth”)
	遭		zāo		To encounter, to meet up with [often a bad thing].		162 (辵)
	笄		jī		Woman’s hairpin; age at which a woman begins wearing such a hairpin [usually fifteen].		118 (竹)
	孕		yùn		To be pregnant, to conceive.		39 (子)
	宣		xuān		To proclaim, to make public.		40 (宀)
	宣王		xuān wáng		King Xuan of the Zhou (r. 827-781 B.C.E.).
	產		chăn		*1. To produce, to bear, to give birth to. 2. Means of livelihood.		100 (生)
	乳		rŭ		1. Breasts; milk; to nurse, to produce breast milk. *2. To give birth. Notes: Though meaning #1 is much more common, meaning #2 is more likely here.		5 (乙)
	先是		xiān shì		Before this, earlier. Notes: The character 初 (305) is also used in this way. Both introduce some event that occurred before the main time frame in which the narrator has located himself.
	謠		yáo		Rhyme, song, folk song.		149 (言)
	童謠		tóng yáo		Children’s rhyme; playground song. Notes: In traditional Chinese narratives, children’s songs are often prophetic.
	檿		yăn		Mulberry wood.		75 (木)
	弧		hú		Bow.		57 (弓)
	箕		jī		Bamboo winnowing basket. Notes: A 箕服 is therefore a quiver (服, 608-2) shaped like a bamboo winnowing basket (箕).		118 (竹)
	寔		shí		Truly, really, actually. Notes: This is an archaic variant of the more common character 實 (339).		40 (宀)
	賣		mài		To sell.		154 (貝)
	戮		lù		To execute, to kill, to slaughter. Notes: Sometimes used interchangeably with 僇 (681). Note that in this case the use of 使 tells us that the king sends someone to do this.		62 (戈)
	號		háo(1); hào (2)		*1. To scream, to cry, to wail. Partial synonym: 呼 (644). *2. To call, to give a name to. Partial synonyms: 曰 (120), 謂 (252). Notes: Meaning #1 is used here, #2 two lines further down.		141 (虍)
	竄		cuàn		To escape, to flee, to go into hiding. Notes: Note that the character consists of “cave” and “rat.”		116 (穴)
	姁		xū		Xu of Bao (A name; the ruler of 褒 at the time).		38 (女)
	獄		yù		Legal case; crime; prison.		94 (犬)
	贖		shú		To redeem, to compensate for.		154 (貝)
	嬖		bì		Sexual favorite [of a ruler]. Notes: Here, used causatively: “to make [someone] a sexual favorite.”		38 (女)
	伯服		bó fú		Bofu (son of 褒姒).
	申		shēn		To stretch, to extend. Notes: Here, it is the name of a fiefdom.		102 (田)
	申侯		shēn hóu		The Marquis of Shen.
	宜		yí		Suitable, appropriate. Notes: Here, the character is part of a name.		40 (宀)
	臼		jiù		Mortar. Notes: Here, the character is part of a name.		134 (臼)
	宜臼		yí jiù		Yijiu (the son of the former queen and 幽王). Notes: Note the prevalence of harem politics here. By removing the son of the daughter of 申侯 (his former queen) from the position of grand prince, the king alienates 申侯 and paves the way for the latter’s revolt mentioned several lines later.
	惑		huò		To be confused, to be deluded; to be infatuated with [sexually].		61 (心)
	乘		chéng (1-2), shèng (3)		*1. To ride in a vehicle. 2. To take advantage of [a situation]. 3. [Measure word for carriages].		4 (丿)
	卹		xù		To care about, to have pity on, to pay attention to. Notes: This is a variant character of the more common 恤.		26 (卩)
	驅		qū		To gallop, to ride a horse, to drive a horse; to force, to drive [someone to do something].		187 (馬)
	馳		chí		To gallop, to hurry. Notes: 驅馳 often occurs with the poetic meaning, “to go hunting for pleasure.”		187 (馬)
	弋		yì		A bow and arrow with a string tied to the bow for retrieval; to go hunting with such a weapon.		56 (弋)
	獵		liè		To hunt.		94 (犬)
	不時		bù shí		At any time. Notes: This idiomatic expression derives its meaning from the idea that something is done “at no [specific] time.”
	湎		miăn		Drunk, intoxicated.		85 (水)
	流湎		liú miăn		To be drunk constantly.
	倡		chāng		Popular entertainment [often of a sexual nature]; prostitutes.		9 (人)
	優		yōu		Popular entertainment or entertainers; actors.		9 (人)
	續		xù		To continue; in a sequence.		120 (糸)
	晝		zhòu		Day, daytime. Notes: Distinguish from 盡 (235).		72 (日)
	端		duān		End; reason; method.		117 (立)
	烽		fēng		Watch beacon, warning beacon.		86 (火)
	燧		suì		Watch beacon, warning beacon. Notes: 烽燧 is a synonym compound; most often, a writer will just use 烽.		86 (火)
	寇		kòu		Bandits, raiders; to go raiding.		40 (宀)
	悉		xī		All. Notes: Grammarians have observed that originally this adverb seemed to apply mostly to plural objects. For example, while the sentence 王皆愛其臣 would usually be interpreted as “Kings all love their minister(s),” 王悉愛其臣 would more likely be “The king loves all of his ministers” (in other words, 皆 (254) would indicate a plurality of kings, while 悉 would indicate a plurality of ministers). However, as we can see from this lesson, the distinction came to be ignored, and 皆 and 悉 came to be used interchangeably.		61 (心)
	悅		yuè		To delight, to give pleasure to; delighted, happy. Notes: Notice that this is the “correct” form for a certain use of 說 (402-2).		61 (心)
	火		huŏ		Fire.		86 (火)
	唯		wéi		Only.		30 (口)
	諛		yú		To flatter, to be obsequious towards.		149 (言)
	百姓		băi xìng		The common people [lit. “the hundred surnames”].
	乖		guāi		Perverse, obstinate; to be stubborn, to be disobedient. Notes: Don’t confuse with 乘 (732)!		4 (丿)
	離		lí		To part from; to separate, to distinguish; separated from, parted; alienated from, hostile.		172 (隹)
	繒		zēng		The state of Zeng.		120 (糸)
	西夷		xī yí		Western “Yi” tribes [name of a barbarian group].
	犬		quăn		Dog.		94 (犬)
	戎		róng		1. [General name for “barbarian” tribes in the west.] 2. Military affairs; soldiering.		62 (戈)
	犬戎		quăn róng		The “Dog Rong” tribes [name of a barbarian group].
	徵		zhēng		To draft, to conscript, to order [someone to appear].		60 (ㄔ)
	驪		lí		Black [horse.]Notes: Here, the name of a mountain.		187 (馬)
	驪山		lí shān		Mt. Li. Notes: Near modern 西安; it is also the site of the first 秦 emperor’s tomb.
	虜		lŭ		To capture, to take prisoner; prisoner, captive. Notes: You will also find that this character is used as a pejorative term for “barbarian” enemies.		141 (虍)
	賂		lù		Goods, wealth, treasures; bribes; to bribe.		154 (貝)
	平王		píng wáng		King Ping of the Zhou (r. 770-719 B.C.E.).
	詩		shī		Poetry; The Classic of Poetry (詩經); a poem from the Classic of Poetry. Notes: Lines from this classic are often quoted to ornament a story or illustrate a point.		149 (言)
	云		yún		To say. Notes: Synonym: 曰 (120), although 云 is used more often for textual quotations.		7 (二)
	赫		hè		Glorious, shining. Notes: Notice the poetic “reduplication” of the adjective.		155 (赤, “red”)
	頌		sòng		Hymn, ode, eulogy. Notes: For use of this term, see 19.11 below.		181 (頁)
	興		xīng		To awaken, to arise; to flourish, to become eminent; to raise up, to mobilize.		134 (臼)
	配		pèi		To pair with, to match; to marry, to become the spouse of.		164 (酉)
	祀		sì		Religious sacrifices; to sacrifice [usually to ancestors or to the royal house].		113 (示)
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