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lesson13.txt

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	Hanzi		Pronunciation		Meaning		Radical
	九		jiŭ		Nine.		5 (乙, curved, hook)
	平		píng		Peaceful, calm, level, flat.		51 (干)
	楚平王		chŭ píng wáng		King Ping of Chu (r. 528-516 B.C.E.).
	春		chūn		Spring [season].		72 (日)
	喪		sàng (1), sāng (2)		1. To lose; to die; to destroy. *2. To mourn; mourning.		30 (口)
	蓋		gài		1. Canopy, cover [usually for a carriage]. 2. “No doubt,” “probably” [particle introducing opinion]. Notes: Here, the character is part of a name. Meaning #1, though common, does not occur in our texts. Meaning #2 will occur latter.		140 (艸)
	蓋餘		gài yú		Gaiyu. Notes: Personal name, younger brother of 僚.
	屬		shŭ (1), zhŭ (2)		1. Kind, class, category; to belong to, to be subordinate to, to be governed by. 2. To instruct, to direct, to exhort. Notes: Here, the character is part of a name.		44 (尸)
	庸		yōng		1. Mediocre, common; hired labor, to work for hire. 2. Name of a mountain range in Fujian. Notes: Here, the character is part of a person’s name. Meaning #1, though common, does not occur in our texts.		53 (广)
	屬庸		shŭ yōng		Shuyong. Notes: Name of the younger brother of 僚.
	潛		qián		Sunken, hidden, secret; secretly; to sink. Notes: Here, it is a place name in the state of 楚.		85 (水)
	延		yán		To extend, to stretch; to invite. Notes: Here, it is part of a place name. This character, though fairly common, does not occur again in our texts.		54 (廴)
	陵		líng		Mound, ridge, tomb mound. Notes: Here, it is part of a place name (and it only occurs in place names in our texts).		170 (阜)
	延陵		yánlíng		Yanling. Notes: Name of the fief of季子札 (418a). Sometimes people are referred to by their place of origins or their fiefdom: “Jizi of Yanling.”
	觀		guān		To observe, to watch, to contemplate.		147 (見)
	發		fā		To issue, to send forth, to arise, to manifest, to open.		105 (癶)
	路		lù		Path, road, route. Notes: This is used less often than道 (41) in abstract and philosophical contexts.		157 (足)
	且		qiĕ		*1. Moreover, furthermore. 2. About to, will . . . [future marker]. 3. Temporarily, for the time being. Notes: A very common adverb; only meaning #1 occurs in our texts.		1 (一)
	廢		fèi		To abandon, to discard. Notes: Here, the speaker means it in the sense “to overthrow” or “depose.”		53 (广)
	老		lăo		Old; to grow old.		125 (老)
	兩		liăng		*1. Both, pair. 2. An ounce of silver [tael]. Notes: Meaning #2, though common, does not occur in our texts.		11 (入)
	困		kùn		To be in hard straits, to be in difficulty, to cause difficulty. Notes: Be careful not to confuse this character with 因 (196)!		31 (囗)
	空		kōng		Empty, vacant, futile.		116 (穴, “cave,” “hole”)
	骨		gŭ		Bone.		188 (骨)
	鯁		gĕng		Fishbone.		195 (魚)
	骨鯁		gŭ gĕng		Hard, unyielding, outspoken [descriptive of subordinates].
	如何		rú hé		What do you think? What can we do? What’s going on? Nothing can be done about . . .!Notes: The object of perplexity is often inserted in between 如 and 何. 無如我何 thus means “there’s nothing [they] can do about us” or “there’s no one who can do anything about us.”
	頓		dùn		*1. To beat on the ground. 2. Suddenly. Notes: Meaning #2, though common, does not occur in our texts.		181 (頁)
	四		sì		Four.		31 (口)
	月		yuè		Moon, month. Notes: For the traditional calendar, see below, 13.1. 四月 should be translated as “the Fourth Month.”
	丙		bĭng		The third of the “celestial stems”; indicates the third item in a series. Notes: See 13.1 below for details on this character.
	丙子		bĭng zĭ		[Thirteenth in the sixty-item cycle of traditional Chinese dating. See 13.1 below.]
	伏		fú		1. To fall prostrate, to humble oneself, to submit to. *2. To lie in ambush, to place troops in ambush. Notes: Note the two radically different groups of meanings – but both of them suggest a person crouching down or lying flat.		9 (人)
	窟		kū		Cave, cavern.		116 (穴)
	室		shì		House, chamber, room.		40 (宀)
	窟室		kū shì		Cellar (?). Empty room (?).
	陳		chén		To deploy, to lay out, to take up positions. Notes: Often used in a military sense.		170 (阜)
	宮		gōng		Palace, ruler’s dwelling.		40 (宀)
	門		mén		Door, gate.		169 (門)
	戶		hù		Door.		63 (戶)
	階		jiē		Stairs.		170 (阜)
	陛		bì		Stairs [usually of the palace].		170 (阜)
	親		qīn		*1. Relatives, intimates, kin, parents. 2. To be intimate with, to be friendly or familiar with. 3. Oneself, personally (synonym: 自 15).		147 (見)
	戚		qī		Relatives, intimates. Notes: Usually 親戚 means “relations,” but the guests here were probably just people close to the king.
	夾		jiá		To flank, to stand on either side of, to insert.		37 (大)
	侍		shì		To attend upon, to serve.		9 (人)
	持		chí		To hold, to grasp. Notes: Synonym: 執 (364).		64 (手)
	鈹		pī		Double-bladed sword. Notes: This is a very rare character and is not the most commonly used for “sword” (for that, see 劍 560).		167 (金)
	詳		yáng (1), xíang (2)		*1. To feign, to pretend. 2. Carefully, in detail. Notes: Meaning #1 is a common substitution for the character 佯. Meaning #2, though common, does not occur in our texts.		149 (言)
	置		zhì		To position, to place.		122 (网)
	炙		zhì		To roast; roasted food.		86 (火)
	腹		fù		Belly, stomach.		130 (肉)
	擘		bò		To tear apart, to tear open, to rip open.		64 (手)
	刺		cì		To stab.		18 (刀)
	擾		răo		To throw into confusion, to run about in confusion.		64 (手)
	亂		luàn		To riot, to be thrown into confusion, to disorder, to misgovern; rebellion.		5 (乙)
	滅		miè		To destroy, to annihilate, to be destroyed. Notes: Partial synonym: 亡 (244).		85 (水)
	闔		hé		Leaf of a door; to shut, to close. Notes: Here, part of a king’s name. This character does not occur again in our texts.		169 (門)
	閭		lǘ		Neighborhood [technically, of 25 families]; village or neighborhood gate. Notes: Here, part of a king’s name. This character only occurs in proper names in our texts.		169 (門)
	闔閭		hé lǘ		Helü. Notes: Name of 光 upon taking the throne (r. 514-495 B.C.E.).
	封		fēng		To appoint, to grant a fief to; fiefdom.		41 (寸)
	卿		qīng		Minister of state.		26 (卩)
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